Animation as an aid to multimedia learning richard e. Figure 2 summarizes the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, which is intended as a framework for explaining how multimedia learning works mayer, 2001. Mayer examines whether people learn more deeply when ideas are expressed in words and pictures rather than in words alone. Mayer 2009 2nd ed ch 1 promise of multimedia learning. Beginning with cognitive load theory as their motivating scientific premise, researchers such as richard e. Many of these principles have been field tested in everyday learning.
Richard mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning ctml. Clark, 2008, and the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning editor, 2005. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer the principle known as the multimedia principle states that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone mayer, p. Mayers principles for multimedia learning instructional design.
You look up the term bicycle tire pump in an encyclopedia and find a passage that describes how a bicycle tire pump works. We describe five different scenarios involving cognitive overload in multimedia. In 2001, he set out his principles for multimedia learning, which have become a standardised approach in instructional design methods. Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. The role of modality and contiguity roxana moreno and richard e. Apr 23, 2001 in multimedia learning richard mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal by combining words and pictures for effective teaching. The current paper describes a working memory model that has recently gained popularity in basic research. Cognitive theory and the design of multimedia instruction. Multimedia instruction is the presentation of material using both words and pictures, with the intention of promoting learning.
Mayer is professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara, where he has served since 1975. Multimedia learning 3 as comptons interactive encyclopedia, grolier multimedia encyclopedia, and microsoft encarta. Over the past decade a corpus of studies has accumulated that investigates the effects of multimedia strategies on learning. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning request pdf. Chapter 7 discussed the various pedagogical differences between media. Sweller, 2005 tend to focus on the cognitive processes involved in learning, such as selecting relevant information, mentally organizing the material into a coherent organization, and integrating it with relevant prior knowledge activated from longterm memory, as proposed in. Mayer discusses twelve principles that shape the design and organization of multimedia presentations. Pdf the cognitive theory of multimedia learning marian borda. Jan 11, 2010 multimedia learning refers to learning from words and pictures. Re mayer, j heiser, s lonn journal of educational psychology 93 1, 187, 2001. Mayer, john sweller, and roxana moreno established within the scientific literature a set of multimedia instructional design principles that promote effective learning. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer learning.
A model for developing multimedia learning projects. In the book multimedia learning cambridge press, 2001, richard e. Coherence principle people learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded rather than. Evidence for dual processing systems in working memory. According to mayer, one feature of effective multimedia instruction. Based principles for designing multimedia instruction. According to ctml, one of the principle aims of multimedia. The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning constitutes the worlds. Multimedia encyclopedias have become the latest addition to students reference tools, and the world wide web is full of messages that combine words and pictures. Pdf multimedia learning applying multimedia learning to social. In the handbook multimedia learning cambridge press, 2001, richard e. The boxes represent memory stores, and the arrows represent cognitive processes. An alternative to purely verbal presentations is to use multimedia presentations in which people learn from both words and picturesa situation the author calls multimedia learning. Cambridge core educational psychology multimedia learning by richard e.
He is the author of more than 390 publications including 23 books, such as multimedia learning. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning figure 6. Designing multimedia instruction to maximize learning dr. Principles of multimedia learning center for teaching. By following the principles of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, instructors can help ensure that their multimedia presentations will enhance student learning. Purpose for the last dozen years, my colleagues and i at the university of california, santa barbara ucsb have been investigating the nature of multimedia learning with a goal of building a researchbased theory of how people learn from words and pictures. Re mayer, r moreno journal of educational psychology 90 2, 312, 1998. Second edition 2008, e learning and the science of instruction. Mayer, 2005 builds on clts principle of a limited working memory capacity. This assertion can be called the multimedia principle, and it forms the basis for using multimedia instructionthat is, instruction containing words such as spoken text or printed text and graphics such as illustrations, charts, photos, animation, or video that is intended to foster learning mayer, 2009. Chi arizona state university abstract multimedia learning environments combine multiple sources of information e. Principles for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning.
In 2001, he set out his principles for multimedia learning, which have become a standardised approach in instructional design methods these principles were expanded upon in e learning and the science of instruction, coauthored by ruth colvin. In multimedia learning richard mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal by combining words and pictures for effective teaching. Anderson james lester paul chandler patricia mautone dorothy chun roxana moreno joan gallini jan plass stefan hagmann valerie sims shannon harp hiller spires julie heiser. Oct 25, 20 cognitive models of multimedia learning such as the cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer 2009 or the cognitive load theory sweller 1999 are based on different cognitive models of working memory e. Multimedia encyclopedias have become the latest addition to students reference tools, and the world wide web is. Multimedia learning assets cambridge university press. Multimedia messages include words, graphics and animation. Pdf multimedia learning second edition multimedia learning.
Figure 2 summarizes the cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer. Mayers 2009 cognitive theory of multimedia learning maintains three primary. These active learning processes are more likely to occur when corresponding verbal and pictorial representations are in working memory at the same time. Richard mayer is professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara. Principles of multimedia learning center for teaching and. According to the personalization principle, people learn better through multimedia presentations in which the words are in the conversational style rather than in the formal style mayer, 2005, 2009. Pdf social and instructional scientific methods that employ constructs of. Mayer examines whether people learn more deeply when ideas are expressed in words and pictures. The boundary conditions are interpreted in terms of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and help to enrich theories of multimedia learning. A corresponding example of a multimedia learning sce nario occurs in a textbookbased environment. Effects of information transiency in multimedia learning. Multimedia typically refers to the presentation of material in two forms. Implications of designing instructional video using. The third challenge facing multimedia learning content occurs when the learning content is dynamic and too complex and the designer cant delete the material because it is needed for.
A concise and concentrated view of the field that covers the foundational ideas in learning, instruction, and assessment without overwhelming students or wasting words a modular, multimedia approach organizes course material into twopage units with specific objectives, helpful graphics, and a welcoming design that helps readers organize and understand each concept. Pdf cognitive theory of multimedia learning semantic scholar. In this second edition, mayer includes double the number of experimental comparisons, 6 new principles. Although verbal learning offers a powerful tool, this book explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning is consistent with the three learning principles summarized above. The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning is unique in offering a comprehensive, uptodate analysis of research and theory in the field, with a focus on computerbased learning. Therefore, mayer suggested the personalization principle. The principles of multimedia learning are focused on maximalisation. Incorporating motivation into multimedia learning sciencedirect. Attention, working memory, and longterm memory in multimedia. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning ctml centers on the idea that learners attempt to build meaningful connections between words and pictures and that they learn more deeply than they could have with words or pictures alone mayer, 2009. Multimedia learning 107 table xi summary of multimedia effects.
Learning that occurs when students build mental representations from words and pictures that are presented to them e. Multimedia learning refers to learning from words and pictures. Theoretical framework cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer, 2001 and cognitive load theory sweller, 1999 provide a useful framework to explain the cognitive processing during learning from educational video. Mayer posted by dixie on january 14, 2010 leave a comment this post covers section ii. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions. For hundreds of years verbal messages such as lectures and printed lessons have been the primary means of explaining ideas to learners. Pdf effects of information transiency in multimedia learning. In this second edition, mayer includes double the number of experimental. Mayer university of california, santa barbara students viewed a computer animation depicting the process of lightning. Although verbal learning offers a powerful tool, mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal. Multimedia learning involves learning from words and pictures and includes learning from textbooks that contain text and illustrations, computerbased lessons that contain animation and narration, and facetoface slide presentations that contain graphics and spoken words mayer, 2009. Recent advances in graphics technology and information technology have prompted new efforts to understand the potential of multimedia learning as a means of promoting human understanding.
He is the author of multimedia learning cambridge university press, 2001 and editor of the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning cambridge university press, 2005. Mayers principles for multimedia learning instructional. The learner control principle in multimedia learning. Mayer 2009 supports his multimedia principles using a theory he refers to as the. Implications of designing instructional video using cognitive. Mayer1,3 and roxana moreno2 how can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scienti. When presenting more material results in less understanding.
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